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Melicope paniculata

(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone (1989)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Sapindales Family: Rutaceae Genus: Melicope

alani, alani kuahiwi

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small trees, new growth sparsely minutely puberulent, becoming glabrate; young branches reddish brown.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic or broadly elliptic, 8–20 cm long, 5–10 cm wide. Surfaces glabrous except midrib on lower surfaces sparsely appressed puberulent; blades thin, coriaceous. Margins strongly revolute, margins entire. Primary lateral veins usually 10–18 pairs, connected by a deeply arched vein 5–10 mm from margin, venation pinnate, lateral veins connected by an arched submarginal vein, higher order venation forming a reticulate pattern. Petioles 20–60 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 11–50 in elongate, cymose panicles up to 21 cm long, peduncles 70–90 mm long, pedicels 2–5 mm long, bracteoles subulate, ca. 1 mm long, bracts small, opposite. Flowers bisexual (perfect) or functionally unisexual (and then plants monoecious). Calyx of 4 sepals; sepals of pistillate flowers ovate, ca. 2.7 mm long and 2.1 mm wide, glabrous, imbricate. Corolla of 4 petals, petals of pistillate narrowly ovate, ca. 6 mm long and 3 mm wide, valvate. Stamens 8. Stamens rudimentary in pistillate flowers. Ovary superior (pistillate flowers), 4-celled and 4-lobed, carpels connate, only slightly distinct at apex to almost entirely distinct; style filiform, ca. 2.3 mm long; ovules 2 per cell, hemitropous, 1 ascending; style 1, terminating in 4 short stigmatic branches.

Fruit: Capsules (immature) cuboid; 8–9 mm long and wide; endocarp and exocarp glabrous. the carpels dehiscing along the upper suture; exocarp. Seeds unknown.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Wet Forests; sometimes near rivers and swamps

Elevation Range: ca. 580 m and 875 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Taxon 38: 122 (1989)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1199 (K [as Pelea paniculata]); Hartley & Stone 1989:122 (COMBNOV, Syn. P. paniculata = M. paniculata); Lorence et al. 1995:53 (REDISCOVER/K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rainforest Preserved_Specimen Tree, ht. 15 m., fl. panicle much branched. Fr. much like Pelea anisata. MacDaniels, L.H. 845 Kauai BISH 1927-02-21
2 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Psychotria mariniana, Antidesma platyphyllum, Dianella sandwicensis, Tetraplasandra oahuensis, Freycinetia arborea, Diplazium sandwichianum, Microlepa strigosa, Sadleria Preserved_Specimen tree; trunk medium brown to red brown, 10 cm diam, branching at 2 m, 5-7 major branches, each branching 4-5 times; flower, strong anise scent at mid-day Wood, K.R. 7630 Kauai BISH 1996-12-10
3 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On N Side of Stream on forest slope. 3 trees in this area and another 3 on other-side of stream. Metrosideros Lowland Wet Forest patches and Shrubland W/ Pipturus, Metorsideros, Melicope feddei, Antidesma, Broussaisia, Kadua, Nephrolepsis, Clidemia, Machaerina, Freycinetia, Scaevola, Diplazium, Elaphglossum, Peperomia, Sadleria, Cyanea fissa, Christ Preserved_Specimen 15 ft tall. Bark red brown, Peduncles pendant, fruit dark green with strong anise scent. Leaves dark green w/edges rolled. Tangalin, N. 3470 Kauai BISH 2013-04-06
4 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details steep bank 10 m above stream; Antidesma, Kadua affinis, Dicranopteris; Clidemia hirta, Pipturus, Metrosideros, Perrottetia, Tetraplasandra oahuensis, Psychotria, Rubus rosifolius, Nephrolepis Preserved_Specimen 5 m x ~20 cm tree; large leaves to 40 cm long, revolute margins; fruit on panicles; stems and leaves anise fragrance Trauernicht, C. 743 Kauai BISH 2009-02-12
5 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forest with Antidesma platyphyllum var. hillebrandii, Syzygium sandwicensis, Cheirodendron platyphyllum, Ilex anomala. Understory: Dubautia knudsenii, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Psychotr Preserved_Specimen tree up to 10 m tall, flowers were at anthesis (some appeared gynodioecious with vestigial stamens and other trees appeared staminate with short styles, flower and some fruit observed, 100 trees at mapped site; perhaps 500 trees total, above 1600 ft falls region. Wood, K.R. 8100 Kauai BISH 1999-12-17
6 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
7 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Small woody shrub, 4 ft tall. Flowers greenish. Crosby, M.R. 1508 Kauai BISH 1964-06-20
8 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Tree. Ht. 5 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 703 Kauai BISH 1927-02-14
9 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Tree. Ht. 5 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 703 Kauai BISH 1927-02-14
10 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Antidesma platyphyllum, Syzygium sandwicensis, Dubautia knudsenii, Cheirodendron platyphyllum, Pipturus kauaiensis, Hedyotis schlechtendahliana, Peperomia latifolia, P. tetraphylla, Sadleria pallida, Cibotium glaucum, Vandenboschia cyrtotheca, Asplenium lobulatum Preserved_Specimen 10 m x 15 cm tree; trunk light brown, longitudinal fissures, moss; trunk branching 4 m up; leaves glossy, clustered along 50 cm of branch tips Wood, K.R. 7340 Kauai BISH 1998-05-28
11 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rainforest Preserved_Specimen Tree, ht. 15 m., fl. panicle much branched. Fr. much like Pelea anisata. MacDaniels, L.H. 845 Kauai BISH 1927-02-21
12 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 285 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
13 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rock ledge, S side of N stream branch; Metrosideros polymorpha, Bobea, Psychotria, Perrotettia, Pipturus, Cyrtandra, Freycinetia, Nephrolepis exaltata, Sadleria cyatheoides, Cyathea cooperi, Spathodea campanulata, Christella dentata, Pluchea carolinensis, Clidemia hirta Preserved_Specimen 3.5 m tree; leaves translucent, revolute margins to 40 cm long; fruit in panicles to 20 cm long, dark red pedicels; anise fragrance Trauernicht, C. 728 Kauai BISH 2009-02-11
14 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet lowland forest. W/Metrosideros polymorpha, Pisonia, Tetraplasandra oahuensis, Psychotria mariniana, Broussaisia arguta, Petrrottetia, Pipturus, Pittosoporum glabrum, Dubautia knudsenii subsp. nagatae, Pouteria, Freyci. Two trees in immediate area. Tree in partial shade. Preserved_Specimen Tree 12 ft. tall. Lvs w/revolute margins, indented apexes, leaves dk green above w/crenulate marginal vein. Below leaf dull green, glabrous, midrib w/some purple. Peduncles w/ green purple near apex. Fruit immature, yellow-green w/strong anise scent. Tangalin, N. 1937 Kauai BISH 2009-02-12
15 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rainforest Preserved_Specimen Tree, ht. 15 m., fl. panicle much branched. Fr. much like Pelea anisata. MacDaniels, L.H. 845 Kauai BISH 1927-02-21
16 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros - Dicranopteris Linearis wet forest w/Antidesma, Psychotria, Broussaisia, Wikstroemia, Ilex, Pritchardia, Melicope feddei, Melicope paniculata, Sadleria, Myrsine lessertiana, Hedyotis foggiana, Astelia, Smilax, Cyanea recta, Cheirodendron, Chamaesyce Preserved_Specimen Scattered trees, estimated 200+ trees, 15-20 ft. ht. w/flowers and fruit, large revolute leaves, large panicles with many flowers and fruits. Perlman, S. 16178 Kauai BISH 1998-02-06
17 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rainforest Preserved_Specimen Tree, ht. 15 m., fl. panicle much branched. Fr. much like Pelea anisata. MacDaniels, L.H. 845 Kauai BISH 1927-02-21
18 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mixed wet lowland forest with riparian vegetation with Kadua centranthoides, K. elator, Machaerina angustifolia, Cyrtandra wawrae, Cyanea asarifolia, Agrostis avenacea, Cyrtandra pickeringii, Microsorum spectum, Peperomia oahuensis, Antidesma platyph Preserved_Specimen Tree, 4 meters tall, moderately branched, stems light brown, leaves and fruit anise scented, 2 trees in immediate area, mapped. Wood, K.R. 17325 Kauai BISH 2017-04-04
19 Melicope paniculata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Antidesma, Syzygium sandwicense, Hedyotis terminalis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Hesperomania lydgatei, Cyrtandra pickeringii, Dubautia imbricata, Broussaisia arguta, Peperomia, Psidium cattleianum, Rubus rosifolius, Pritchardia, Machaerina, Bidens, Ilex, Pittosporum, Cryptocarya mannii Preserved_Specimen 7 m; moderately branched tree with fruit; leaves large, glossy, dark green above, puberulent below, anise scented Wood, K.R. 7815 Kauai BISH 1999-05-25
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